The total area of Adama town is 200 km² and has oval shape. The altitude of the city is 1500-2300 meter above sea level.

The mean average rainfall of the city is 900-1300mm. It has mean  average annual temperature of 15-25⁰. The prevailing wind direction is from northeast to southwest and the principal constraints for the physical expansion of the city is the existence of steep slope in the west, northwest, north and south peripheries.