The built up area of Dukem town is 3,586 ha and it has a compacted shape. Its altitude is 1800-2100 m above sea level; major or dominant soil is Black soil. It has mean annual temperature of 15ºC-20ºC and mean annual rainfall of 800 – 1199 mm. The prevailing wind direction is from East to West. The principal natural constraints for the physical expansion of the town are flooding while manmade constraint is existence of unplanned urban expansion.
